Telegram casinos let you deposit, spin, and withdraw without leaving a chat window, using bot commands like /deposit and /withdraw instead of a browser login. Most run on Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Solana rather than cards, a practical advantage for US players whose card transactions are often blocked by payment networks at gambling merchants.
Each telegram casino bot in this guide operates under an offshore license and full bonus terms, license names, and payout speeds appear in the comparison table and reviews below. Whether you are searching for the best telegram casino for bonuses, the top telegram casinos by payout speed, or simply a reliable casino you can access from a US device, this guide covers all three angles.
Top Telegram Casino Bots for 2026
Top Telegram Casinos Compared at a Glance
The table below lines up welcome bonus, license, minimum deposit, and payout speed for all 40 bots compared in this guide, using the same eight-point method described above.
| Casino | Welcome Bonus | Our Rating | Minimum Deposit |
|---|---|---|---|
| LuckyRollers | Up to $30,000 + 100 FS + 5 FREE Sports bets | 1 | $10 |
| Betpanda | 100% Bonus up to 1 BTC | 2 | $1 |
| CoinCasino | 200% up to $30,000 | 3 | $10 |
| Cryptorino | 100% and 10% Weekly Cashback | 4 | €10 |
| Hyper Lucky | 20% Daily Cashback up to $10,000 + 100 Free Spins | 5 | $10 |
| CasinoPunkz | 100% bis 20.000€ | 6 | — |
| BC Game | 470% up to $4,000 + 400 Free Spins | 7 | $1 |
| Wild.io | 400% up to $10,000 + 300 FS | 8 | $10 |
| Thrill | Up to 70% Rakeback + 10% Cashback | 9 | $0 |
| Vave | 150% up to 1.5 BTC in 4 Deposits + 100 Free Spins | 10 | $20 |
Bonus size alone does not decide the ranking; license verification and bot command reliability carry equal weight in the final order.
In-Depth Bot Reviews
Each review below covers what the bot actually does once you open the chat: the commands available, the verification level required, and the license backing the platform.
1. Best for High-Volatility Crypto Play: LuckyRollers
LuckyRollers builds its lobby around big-swing slots and high-stakes tables rather than sheer game count, making it a natural stop for Telegram casino players chasing maximum risk and reward. The welcome package runs up to $30,000 + 100 FS + 5 Free Sports bets, backed by instant crypto payouts.
Features:
- Curated high-volatility slots and tables
- VPN-friendly onboarding
- Instant crypto payouts
- Multi-tier VIP and cashback rewards
| Welcome Bonus | Minimum Deposit | Payout Speed |
|---|---|---|
| Up to $30,000 + 100 FS + 5 Free Sports bets | $10 | Instant |
Pros:
- Curated high-volatility game selection
- Instant crypto payouts
- Mobile-first, fast-loading interface
Cons:
- Library favors intensity over breadth
- Wallet and withdrawal tracking UX could be clearer
Verdict: For US players who want a Telegram-friendly casino built for high-stakes crypto action, LuckyRollers’ instant payouts and curated volatility make it worth a look.
2. Best for Multi-Coin Payment Variety: Betpanda
Betpanda runs on one of the widest crypto payment stacks in this space, supporting coins from Bitcoin to SAND and SHIB, plus an active Telegram channel that keeps the community close to the action. The welcome package delivers a 100% Bonus up to 1 BTC, paired with weekly cashback on live games.
Features:
- 13-coin payment stack beyond BTC and ETH
- 5% weekly cashback on live games
- Instant crypto withdrawals
- Active Telegram community channel
| License | Welcome Bonus | Minimum Deposit | Payout Speed | Payment Methods |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Costa Rica | 100% up to 1 BTC | $1 | 0-24h | BTC, ETH, USDT, and more |
Pros:
- Wide altcoin and stablecoin support
- Fast 0-24h payout window
- Low $1 minimum deposit
Cons:
- No fiat payment option
- Support covers basics without extra depth
Verdict: For Telegram-native crypto players who want the broadest coin selection and a direct community channel, Betpanda’s payment flexibility is the standout reason to sign up.
3. Best for Playing Directly on Telegram: CoinCasino
CoinCasino lets you play directly inside Telegram, a feature that sets it apart from virtually every other crypto casino chasing this audience. Established in 2017, it backs that integration with a 200% Welcome Offer up to $30,000 and instant withdrawals across an unusually broad altcoin lineup.
Features:
- Native in-app Telegram play
- 18-coin payment stack including memecoins
- Up to 25% cashback plus free spins and free bets
- Sportsbook alongside the casino library
| License | Welcome Bonus | Minimum Deposit | Payout Speed | Payment Methods |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anjouan | 200% up to $30,000 | $10 | 0-24h | BTC, ETH, USDT, and more |
Pros:
- Direct Telegram play with instant withdrawals
- Exceptionally broad altcoin support
- Deep library spanning slots, live tables, and sportsbook
Cons:
- Promotional messaging leans heavily on marketing
- Holds an Anjouan license rather than a higher-tier MGA or UKGC authorisation
Verdict: For anyone specifically looking for telegram casinos that let you wager without leaving the app, CoinCasino’s native integration makes it the clearest match.
4. Best for No-KYC Privacy: Cryptorino
Cryptorino keeps onboarding light on verification and tolerant of VPN use, appealing to Telegram casino players who value anonymity as much as speed. Backed by a wide payment stack spanning cards and crypto, the operator pairs that privacy-first approach with a 100% welcome offer plus 10% weekly cashback.
Features:
- Light-KYC, VPN-friendly signup
- 6,000+ casino games
- Higher withdrawal limits for VIPs
- Instant withdrawals
| License | Welcome Bonus | Minimum Deposit | Payout Speed | Payment Methods |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Costa Rica | 100% + 10% Weekly Cashback | €10 | 24h | Visa, crypto, and more |
Pros:
- Broad crypto and card payment mix
- Massive 6,000+ game library
- Browser-based access across devices
Cons:
- No dedicated native app
- Occasional site glitches reported
Verdict: For Telegram casino players who prioritize anonymity and payout speed over a polished conventional setup, Cryptorino’s privacy-first onboarding is the reason to choose it.
5. Best for Zero-Wagering Cashback: Hyper Lucky
Hyper Lucky skips the standard wagering treadmill entirely, building its offer around a 20% Daily Cashback up to $10,000 + 100 Free Spins with 0x wagering attached. That daily-rewards model suits Telegram casino players who want ongoing returns rather than a one-time bonus chase.
Features:
- 0x wagering on cashback rewards
- VPN-friendly access
- Daily cashback instead of single-use bonus
- Multi-coin crypto banking
| License | Welcome Bonus | Minimum Deposit | Payout Speed | Payment Methods |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Costa Rica | 20% Daily Cashback up to $10,000 + 100 FS | $10 | 1-24h | BTC, ETH, USDT, and more |
Pros:
- Zero wagering requirement on cashback
- Wide multi-coin crypto support
- High-tempo slots and crash game lineup
Cons:
- Provider roster smaller than top-tier rivals
- Live dealer selection lighter than slots volume
Verdict: For Telegram casino players who want cashback without a wagering catch, Hyper Lucky’s zero-rollover daily rewards make it worth testing.
What Is a Telegram Casino?
A Telegram casino is a gambling platform that runs entirely inside the Telegram messaging app, through a bot or an embedded mini-app, instead of a separate website or downloaded casino app. You never leave the chat to place a bet or spin a slot. These sit within the broader casino market, but the delivery method is the real difference.
Some bots are basic, text-only interfaces built on slash commands. Others render full mini-app dashboards with graphics, balances, and a game library visible directly in the chat window, similar in concept to the mobile dedicated casino apps many players already use. A
lmost all of the platforms covered here run on cryptocurrency deposits and withdrawals rather than card or bank rails. Licensing typically comes from Curaçao eGaming or a handful of smaller island regulators, placing these under lighter-touch island regulators rather than a US state-licensed operator. Telegram itself, the messaging app at telegram.org, is free to use and does not license or host any of the gambling bots that run inside it.
What Are Telegram Stars?
Telegram Stars are an in-app currency Telegram sells for use with bots, games, and digital content across the platform. They are not the same as the crypto or fiat balances used at the casinos reviewed here. You cannot cash out Telegram Stars for real money, and no casino bot on this list treats them as a deposit or withdrawal method. Real-money play happens through a separate crypto wallet linked to the bot, not through Telegram’s own Stars system.
Real-Money Play vs. Social-Style Games
Playing a telegram casino online usually means real crypto is on the line. Deposits fund an actual wallet balance, and winnings withdraw back out as Bitcoin, Ethereum, or another supported coin. That is different from social or sweepstakes-style games elsewhere on Telegram that run on virtual coins with no cash value. If a bot has no deposit command and no withdrawal function, it is not a real-money casino regardless of how it markets itself.
How Do Telegram Casino Bots Work?
A telegram casino bot works through a set of text commands you send directly in the chat. Instead of clicking through a cashier page, you type a slash command and the bot replies with the next step.
Cashier Commands (Deposit, Withdraw, Balance)
- /deposit: generates a fresh crypto wallet address inside the chat for you to send funds to
- /balance: returns your current wallet balance in your chosen currency
- /withdraw: starts a payout request to the wallet address on file, sometimes with a follow-up prompt for the amount
- /games or a menu button: launches the mini-app or lists available titles by category
- /verify or /fairness: displays the seed and hash used to confirm a specific game round was provably fair
Provably fair verification is a genuine mechanism, not a marketing phrase. Typing the fairness command returns a server seed, a client seed, and a hash you can check independently to confirm the game round was not altered after the fact. Two additional commands appear on bots that support seed rotation: /seed returns the current server seed hash so you can record it before a session begins, and /newseed rotates it to a fresh seed before your next round.
Rotating the seed is the mechanism that prevents a server from retroactively changing an outcome, once you have recorded the old hash, any post-round alteration would produce a mismatch. The bot communicates with the casino’s game server via an API that returns real-time balance and game result data directly to the chat window, so every command response reflects your live account state.
Game Commands (Dice, Crash, Slots, Cards)
Once funded, you can launch games directly from the chat. Common game commands include /games to open the full lobby, /crash or /dice to start a specific provably fair title, and a /slots shortcut on bots that surface individual game categories.
On mini-app bots, tapping the game button opens a graphical lobby inside the chat rather than redirecting to a browser. Text-only bots return a numbered list of available titles; you reply with the number to launch. Either way, the result and any payout are posted back into the chat window immediately after the round ends.
Fairness and Verification Commands
Basic bots stay entirely in text: you read balances and results as chat messages. More advanced bots use Telegram’s mini-app framework to render actual game graphics, spinning reels or crash-game multipliers, without ever redirecting you to an outside browser tab.
CoinCasino is one of the platforms built around this native in-Telegram approach, running its slot and sportsbook interface directly inside the mini-app rather than bouncing the player to a separate site.
Benefits and Drawbacks of Playing on Telegram
The convenience of chat-based play comes with real trade-offs, not just upside. Each benefit below is paired with the mechanism behind it, and each limitation with the reason it exists.
| Benefit (Mechanism) | Trade-off (Mechanism) |
|---|---|
| No-KYC signup: the bot authenticates via your Telegram ID, not a government document | Regulatory oversight is often lighter-touch, since Curaçao-style licenses ask for less than MGA or UKGC |
| Fast crypto settlement once a transaction confirms on-chain | Network confirmation times still apply; Bitcoin transactions typically need about 10 minutes to clear |
| 24/7 access from inside an app you already have open | Support is text-only in most cases, with no phone line to call |
| Bonus codes and promos can be claimed with a single in-chat command | Fewer fiat payment rails are available compared to a card-based browser casino |
| Provably fair commands let you check a game seed yourself, in-chat | Game libraries can be narrower than a full-scale browser casino with a licensed lobby |
Provably fair crash games and no-KYC access are two of the biggest reasons players compare these bots against browser-based crypto casino alternatives, since both categories share the same underlying appeal: speed and minimal friction at signup.
Telegram Gambling vs. Traditional Online Casinos
The core differences between a Telegram casino bot and a standard browser casino come down to three things: verification, payment rails, and licensing depth.
| Feature | Telegram Casino Bots | Traditional Online Casinos |
|---|---|---|
| Access Method | Bot or mini-app inside Telegram chat | Browser site or downloaded mobile app |
| KYC Requirement | Often none beyond a Telegram username | ID and address verification usually required before withdrawal |
| Payment Rails | Crypto-first: Bitcoin, Ethereum, Solana, USDT | Visa, Mastercard, bank transfer, e-wallets, sometimes crypto |
| Licensing | Frequently Curaçao eGaming or smaller island regulators; traditional browser brands often hold MGA (Malta Gaming Authority) licenses, which require segregated player funds — a protection Curaçao does not mandate | Often MGA or UKGC for regulated browser brands |
| Typical Payout Speed | Minutes, measured by network confirmation time | 24 to 72 hours for card or bank withdrawal methods |
Neither structure is strictly better; a Telegram bot trades regulatory depth for speed and privacy, while a browser casino trades signup friction for stronger consumer protection. For players comparing the best telegram casinos online, that trade-off is the central question: how much regulatory cover are you willing to exchange for frictionless, crypto-native access?
How to Sign Up and Start Playing
Getting started with a telegram casino bot is faster than a typical browser signup, largely because there is no account form to fill out.
- Search for the bot’s official Telegram handle or tap the operator’s direct link, and press Start to open the chat.
- Register with your Telegram username; most bots need nothing beyond that to open an account.
- Send the /deposit command to generate a crypto wallet address, fund it, and claim any welcome bonus using the code or button the bot provides.
- Once you have winnings to cash out, send /withdraw and confirm the destination wallet address the bot displays.
Telegram Casino Bonuses and Game Selection
Game libraries across these bots typically span slots, crash games, live dealer tables, provably fair originals, and in some cases a sportsbook alongside the casino. Titles are commonly supplied by studios such as Pragmatic Play, Evolution, Microgaming, Playtech, and Hacksaw Gaming, integrated through the same mini-app or bot layer covered earlier.
No-Deposit Bonuses and Free Spins
A telegram casino bonus headline is only half the story. A 200% match sounds bigger than a 100% match, but a lower wagering requirement on the smaller bonus often clears faster in real terms. Always compare bonuses by wagering requirement and cap, not just the advertised match percentage. For example, Hyper Lucky’s cashback carries 0x wagering, meaning winnings are withdrawable immediately, while a higher-percentage deposit match at another bot may carry a 35x or 40x rollover that takes far longer to clear in practice. Always check the wagering requirement and the maximum cashout cap before assuming a bigger percentage is the better deal.
Cashback, Reload, and VIP/Loyalty Programs
Some perks exist only inside the Telegram ecosystem: in-chat tournaments with leaderboard payouts, promo codes shared exclusively in a bot’s channel, and reload bonuses triggered by typing a specific command rather than opting in through a menu. These chat-only mechanics are a genuine differentiator from browser-based welcome packages.
No-Deposit Bonuses for US Players
A telegram casino no deposit bonus is one of the most searched offers among US players, yet dedicated coverage is rare. A handful of bots on this list post claimable free-credit commands directly into their Telegram channel, follow the channel, tap the timed link, and the bot credits a small balance with no deposit required.
These faucet-style drops are the closest equivalent to a traditional no-deposit bonus within the Telegram ecosystem. US players should note that geo-restrictions vary by operator: some bots apply no geographic filter beyond a Telegram account, while others block claim commands for users connecting from US IP addresses.
Checking the bot’s /terms command or linked terms page before attempting to claim is the safest approach. If a bot offers no no-deposit option at all, the zero-wagering cashback models, such as Hyper Lucky’s 0x daily cashback, are the next-best alternative for minimising upfront risk.
VIP and Loyalty Program Mechanics
Most bots track VIP tier progress either via a /vip or /level command or through a linked web dashboard accessible from the bot menu. Higher tiers typically unlock increased withdrawal limits and personalised cashback rates, for example, Cryptorino lists higher withdrawal limits as a VIP benefit, while Betpanda offers 5% weekly cashback on live games that scales with activity.
Players should check whether tier status is portable if they switch between the bot interface and any browser version the operator also runs, since some platforms treat them as separate accounts. Comparing bots by the best telegram casino VIP mechanics, not just the headline welcome bonus, is worth doing for players who plan to stay active long-term.
Telegram-Exclusive Bonus Types
No-deposit faucet drops: some bots post a claimable free-credit command directly into their Telegram channel, follow the channel, tap the link, and the bot credits a small balance with no deposit required. These are time-limited and announced in-chat, so turning on channel notifications is the easiest way to catch them.
Telegram-only tournaments: leaderboard competitions run entirely inside the bot, with standings and prize announcements posted as channel messages. Entry is usually triggered by a single command, and payouts land in your bot wallet automatically when the tournament closes.
Invite-link referral bonuses: bots generate a unique referral link tied to your Telegram ID. Share it in a group or channel; when a new player signs up through your link and deposits, both accounts receive a bonus credited via bot message. The referral mechanic is native to the Telegram ecosystem and has no direct equivalent in a browser casino.
Deposits, Withdrawals, and Payment Rails
Crypto is the default rail across nearly every bot on this list. Bitcoin, Ethereum, Solana, and USDT cover the bulk of deposits and withdrawals, letting US players fund an account without running into the card-network restrictions that block many standard gambling transactions.
Lightning Network and Secondary Coins
Several bots also support the Bitcoin Lightning Network, which routes payments off-chain for near-instant settlement and near-zero fees, useful when on-chain Bitcoin fees are elevated. To use it, send the bot a /deposit command and select the Lightning option; the bot returns an LNURL or invoice you pay from a Lightning-compatible wallet. Beyond BTC and ETH, secondary coins commonly accepted include Litecoin (LTC), Dogecoin (DOGE), XRP, BNB, and TRX, each with its own confirmation speed and typical network fee.
USDT Network Choice: ERC-20 vs TRC-20
When depositing USDT, the network you choose matters. Sending USDT over the Ethereum network (ERC-20) carries higher gas fees but benefits from Ethereum’s broad wallet support. Sending over the Tron network (TRC-20) typically costs a fraction of a cent per transaction and confirms quickly, making it the more practical choice for smaller deposits. Always match the network the bot specifies, sending ERC-20 USDT to a TRC-20 address will result in lost funds.
Fiat options such as Visa, Mastercard, PayPal, Skrill, Apple Pay, and Paysafecard appear as secondary methods on some browser casinos, but they are limited or unavailable on most Telegram bots because payment processors restrict gambling-related transactions. Bank transfer sits in the same category: rarely offered, and slower than crypto when it is.
Withdrawal timing depends on the network, not the operator’s marketing copy. A Bitcoin withdrawal typically settles in around 10 minutes, Ethereum in roughly 5 minutes, and Solana transactions often confirm in seconds. Playing a telegram casino online means your payout speed is really a function of blockchain confirmation time, which is why network choice matters more than which bot you use. For a broader look at how payout timing compares across the wider crypto casino space, see our dedicated guide to fast-withdrawal casinos.
Games You Can Play at Telegram Casinos
Game libraries vary by bot, but most cover the same core categories whether you access them through a text command or a mini-app interface.
Slots
Classic three-reel slots, video slots, and Megaways titles from studios such as Pragmatic Play, Hacksaw Gaming, and Microgaming are the most common game type. Crypto-themed slots appear frequently given the audience. Text-command bots typically link out to a mini-app or browser lobby for slots; native mini-app bots render the reels directly in-chat.
Crash, Plinko, Mines, and Limbo
Provably fair originals are the format most closely associated with Telegram casino bots. Crash games (including Aviator) let you cash out before a multiplier busts; Plinko drops a ball through a peg board for a random multiplier; Mines asks you to navigate a grid without hitting a hidden mine; Limbo targets a multiplier above a chosen threshold. All four are playable via a single command and return a verifiable seed hash.
Live Dealer and Table Games
Blackjack, baccarat (including Punto Banco), and roulette with HD streaming are available on bots that integrate Evolution or similar live-studio feeds. These run through the mini-app layer rather than text commands, since the video stream requires a graphical interface. Video poker variants such as Jacks or Better and Deuces Wild appear on several platforms as RNG table games.
Sportsbook and Esports
A number of bots, including CoinCasino, attach a sportsbook to the casino lobby, covering major leagues and esports markets. Bet placement happens through the same mini-app interface, with settlement posted back into the chat.
Are Telegram Casinos Legal and Safe? Red Flags to Avoid
Legality here depends on two separate things: the player’s own state law and the license the operator actually holds. Telegram as a platform has no bearing on either one; it is simply the messenger the bot runs through. Legitimate bots publish a license number tied to a named regulator, most often Curaçao eGaming, with MGA and UKGC covering the more heavily regulated end of the browser-casino market. A missing or unverifiable license number is the clearest sign an operator is not accountable to any regulator at all.
Security Features to Look For
Beyond the license, look for these technical safeguards before depositing. Any linked web interface should use SSL/TLS encryption (the padlock in your browser bar). Reputable operators hold the majority of player funds in cold storage rather than hot wallets, reducing exposure to exchange-style hacks.
Some bots offer two-factor authentication (2FA) as an optional security layer within the chat, enable it if available. On the player side, withdraw to a dedicated crypto wallet rather than an exchange address; for larger balances, a hardware wallet adds a meaningful layer of protection. Third-party audit bodies such as eCOGRA and iTech Labs certify RNG fairness independently of the operator’s own claims, their seal adds credibility beyond the license alone.
Watch Out For:
- No license number displayed anywhere in the bot’s chat or linked terms page
- Guaranteed-win language or promises of a fixed payout rate on games of chance
- Withdrawal fees that only surface after you attempt to cash out, not disclosed upfront
- No provably fair or RNG audit disclosure available through a command or terms link
US Legal Status
No US state currently licenses any of the Telegram casino bots covered here; every one operates as a crypto-only platform without a US state license. State gambling law varies, and some states take a stricter view of online gambling access by platforms licensed in other jurisdictions than others, so confirming your own state’s stance is worth doing before depositing.
Responsible Gambling and Tax Considerations
Every bot on this list should gate access to players 18 and older, and several offer deposit limits, self-exclusion, and reality-check prompts through in-chat commands. US players who want support beyond what a bot offers can reach the National Council on Problem Gambling at 1-800-GAMBLER, available around the clock. For context on licensing standards, the Malta Gaming Authority (MGA) requires operators to implement mandatory responsible gambling tools, including deposit limits and self-exclusion, as a condition of their license. Most Telegram casino bots hold lighter-touch island-jurisdiction licenses rather than an MGA license, so the availability of these tools varies by platform. Check the bot’s /terms or settings menu to confirm which tools are actually available before you deposit. Winnings from a Telegram casino, crypto or otherwise, are generally taxable as gambling income under IRS rules. That applies the same way it would to any other form of gambling; using crypto as the payout method does not change the tax treatment.
Telegram Casino FAQs
Are Telegram casinos legit?
Legitimacy depends on the specific bot’s license, not on Telegram as a platform. A bot that publishes a verifiable license number, most commonly through Curaçao eGaming, and discloses provably fair mechanics is operating on the same footing as a licensed browser casino.
Do Telegram casinos require KYC (identity) verification?
Most operate no-KYC or light-touch verification, authenticating through your Telegram username rather than a government ID. Some bots do require ID verification once withdrawals cross a certain threshold, so check the specific terms before assuming full anonymity.
Can I bet real money on Telegram?
Yes, on any bot that includes deposit and withdrawal commands linked to an actual crypto wallet. That is distinct from Telegram Stars, an in-app currency Telegram sells for bots and content that has no cash value and cannot be withdrawn.
Are there any fees associated with using Telegram casinos?
Network fees apply to crypto transactions regardless of which bot you use, since that fee goes to the blockchain, not the operator. Bitcoin network fees typically range from $1–$5 depending on network congestion; Solana fees are usually under $0.01. Operator withdrawal fees, where charged, commonly range from 0.5%–2%, check the bot’s /terms or fee schedule before withdrawing.
Are Telegram casino bots provably fair?
Many are. A fairness or verify command returns the server seed, client seed, and hash used for a specific round, which you can check independently to confirm the outcome was not altered after the fact.
How fast are Telegram casino withdrawals?
Speed depends on the network, not the bot. A Bitcoin withdrawal usually settles in about 10 minutes, Ethereum in roughly 5 minutes, and Solana transactions often confirm in seconds once the bot processes the request.
Which Telegram games pay real money?
Slots, crash games, live dealer tables, and provably fair originals all pay real money when played through a bot connected to an actual crypto wallet. Games running purely on Telegram Stars or other virtual in-app currency do not.
Is gambling on Telegram legal?
Legality comes down to your own state’s gambling law and the operator’s license jurisdiction, not Telegram itself. No US state currently licenses any of the bots covered in this article, so they operate as crypto-only platforms without a US state license, each holds a license from a separate jurisdiction such as Curaçao or Anjouan.
